If Microsoft is to be split up, which one would you go for, Microsoft or Bungie of Halo?

 

Let’s go back and review the turning points in the History of Computer to understand how decisions and paths not taken shape our world today.

Imagine how different the computing world would be if IBM had used proprietary chips in the original Personal Computer (PC), rather than Intel Chip. The PC clone market would never have happened, and IBM would still control the computer today.

Imagine how different the software world would be if IBM had built the operating system for the PC, rather than hire college students (Bill Gates and Paul Allen) to build it for them. Microsoft would never exist today and IBM would still be the giant software company today, rather than Microsoft.

Imagine if Steve Jobs had never taken a tour of Xerox PARC. Had he not seen Graphic User Interface (GUI) in action, he might never have created the Apple Macintosh. And then where would Windows be today? It was Jobs that created the Macintosh based on the GUI at Xerox, and later Microsoft copied it to become Microsoft’s Windows.

In every industry there are key milestones that mark a change in the course of history, and the fast-moving technology field has more than its share. Presented here are turning points that shaped the computing world as we know it today, including some that still continue to influence its direction for years to come.

In 1990, there were lot of fighting for control of Apple Computer and finally the company’s Board of Directors kicked Steve Jobs out of the company that he founded. Steve Jobs immediately formed another company called NEXT to compete with Apple. After that move, Apple Computer was in bad shape, its image was tarnished, its market share was declining, and Windows NT and Windows 95 had outpaced the aging Mac OS in features and technology. Apple's top-secret new Operating System (OS), codenamed Copland, could restore Apple’s technological lead - if it ever shipped. After 10 years of development, it had swelled into an overambitious boondoggle. In 1996, with no release date for Copland in sight, then-CEO Gil Amelio made one of the toughest decisions in Apple’s history. Abandoning the Copland money-pit, he acquired NEXT, which not only had its own, Unix-based OS that could be modified to run on the Mac but also bring back Apple co-founder Steve Jobs as its CEO. Reunited, Steve Jobs proceeded to reinvent Apple. His successes included not just Mac OS X, but the iMac, the iPod, and a winning line of servers, workstations, and portables. The decision did lead to Amelio’s departure, but his move did create a radically different Apple than the previous one.

In 1980, programmers at MIT’s artificial intelligence lab, blessed with one of Xerox’s newest laser printers, had to run upstairs to check whether a print job was finished because the machine had been installed on the wrong floor. No problem, thought one MIT programmer. He’d simply modify the printer’s software to automatically e-mail users when their jobs were completed. He’d done it before, for earlier Xerox printers; all he needed was the printer’s source code. But something had changed. Citing copyright and trade secrecy, Xerox wouldn’t release the code for its newest machine or allow anyone to play with its software. The programmer was Richard Stallman, and his anger with Xerox fast became the stuff of legend. Stallman declared war on proprietary software, and went on to form the GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation - The results were a lot of free software exists today and proving that, forbidding a programmer to do something is a sure way to launch a revolt.

For a brief time in 2000, having found that Microsoft had abused its monopoly position in the software market, U.S. District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson ruled that the software giant should be split into two companies: one to sell operating systems, and another devoted to applications. It never happened. The following year, the U.S. Appeals Court would overturn Jackson’s ruling, eliminating the breakup. We can only speculate what the IT landscape might look like today in a split-Microsoft world - Microsoft itself described the breakup plan as “a death sentence” - But we know what happened once the appeals court overturned Jackson’s decision. Free to conduct its software business as it saw fit, Microsoft headed down a path that would eventually bring us Windows Vista despite how many of us wish we could still save XP.

By the late 1990s, Palm, having created the PDA market, was struggling to defend its share against challengers, including Microsoft. A group of Palm executives left the company in 1998 to found Handspring, a startup aimed at breathing fresh air into the Palm platform. Handspring’s PDAs could accept add-on hardware modules, allowing the company and its partners to experiment. For example, rather than just storing phone numbers, what if your PDA could dial them, too? The result, an add-on cellular radio called the VisorPhone, was a hit, and Handspring ran with it. Plans were soon laid for a model that would combine phone and PDA functionality in a single, compact device. When Handspring unveiled the Treo in 2001, the concept was too good even for Palm to ignore. Palm acquired Handspring in 2003, and the stand-alone PDA was effectively finished, replaced by the far-more-utilitarian smart-phone today.

In 1976, ARPANet, the predecessor of the modern Internet, was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to allow computer researchers, vendors, and other government contractors to communicate across long distances. In large part, that meant e-mail. Then, one day in 1978, Gary Thuerk, a marketer for Digital Equipment Corp., had a bright idea for this new medium. Instead of addressing an e-mail to one or two people on ARPANet, why not include all of them at once? It would be a quick, easy way to let everyone know about an upcoming event Digital Equipment Corp. had planned to unveil its new line of mainframes. The resulting mass-mailing was the world’s first spam, and ARPANet authorities were not pleased. “This was a flagrant violation of the use of ARPANet as the network is to be used for official U.S. government business only,” wrote Major Raymond Czahor. “Appropriate action is being taken to preclude its occurrence again.” But this event has led to today’s SPAM emails all over the Internet.